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Authors
Palacio, Laura C.
Ugarte, Juan P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-3528
Saiz, Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9850-0825
Tobón, Catalina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-329X
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study does not require ethical approval as it is based solely on computational simulations of atrial activity using 2D and 3D biophysical and anatomical models of the human atria. No human participants, personal data, or biological samples were involved, and no experiments were conducted on animals. As a result, no institutional review board approval or informed consent was necessary.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
