Wei, Yuanyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-3764
Hao, Yongsheng
Xu, Jia
Jia, Yifan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-9826
Funding for this research was provided by:
the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province (No. 2022AH050083)
the Project Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories (the Project Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories)
Article History
Received: 7 January 2026
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The data used in this study were obtained from the publicly available MODIS NDVI, GlobeLand30, and ERA5-Land datasets provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Geomatics Center of China (NGC), and all datasets are open for academic research.
: All authors approved the final manuscript and the submission to this journal.
: The authors declare no competing interests.