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Authors
Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-5331
Cerda-Reyes, Saraid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7193-9582
Castillón-Benavides, Nidia K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6604
Contreras-Contreras, Elvia Angelica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-8770
García-Ramírez, Ulises N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-1536
Borboa-Olivares, Lilia M. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1889-5826
Aguilar-Hinojosa, Nadia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6765-5074
Rivera-Alvarado, Karen L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2620-0735
Ochoa-García, Itzel V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-3230
García-Cruz, María de la Luz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-5196
Campos-Cerda, Ricardo https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6786-7247
Nava-Ramírez, Claudine I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7880-7096
González-Tuyub, Yair H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-0240
González-Uribe, Victor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9053-7108
Azuara-Trujillo, Hugo A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-1129
Jiménez-Carrillo, Claudia Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-4751
Navarrete-Rodríguez, Elsy M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-3206
Del Río-Navarro, Blanca E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-8869
Mendoza-Reyna, Laura D. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0167-5034
Friston, Dominic A. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5255-2259
Scelo, Ghislaine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-8507
Price, David B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9728-9992
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Optimum Patient Care Global Ltd
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Article History
Received: 17 January 2026
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Declarations
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: All reported human data collection, performed by the authors, was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committees of the countries participating in ISAR and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The data of this study was provided by the Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI) Pte Ltd. This study was funded by Optimum Patient Care Global Ltd (OPCG). The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) is operated by OPCG and co-funded by OPCG and AstraZeneca Ltd.
: Désirée Larenas-Linnemann reports personal fees from ALK-Abelló, AstraZeneca national and global, Bayer, Bioderma, Chiesi, Grunenthal, Grin, GlaxoSmithKline national and global, Viatris, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Siegfried, Syneos Health, Carnot, grants for guideline development from Abbvie, Bayer, Chiesi, Lilly, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, Circassia, UCB, GlaxoSmithKline, outside the submitted work. Saraid Cerda Reyes declares receiving conference fees from Novartis S.A de C.V, GlaxoSmithKline Mexico, AstraZeneca Mexico and, Sanofi Mexico. Nidia K. Castillon Benavides declares no relevant conflict of interest. Elvia Angelica Contreras Contreras declares no relevant conflict of Interest. Ulises N. García-Ramírez received fees as speaker and advisory board from: AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Genzyme, Chiesi and Novartis. Lilia M. Borboa Olivares received congress support from AstraZeneca, and Octapharma. Nadia Aguilar-Hinojosa received speaker’s fees and congress support from AstraZeneca Mexico. Karen L. Rivera Alvarado declares no relevant conflict of interest. Itzel V. Ochoa-García was a speaker for AstraZeneca. Maria de la luz Garcia participated in advisory boards by Carnot and received speaker’s fees by Armstrong, Siegfried, and Chiesi. Ricardo Campos Cerda declares no relevant conflict of interest. Claudine I. Nava Ramírez declares receiving conference fees from Novartis S.A. de C.V. Yair H González Tuyub received fees as a speaker and advisory board member from: AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and IPI-Asacpharma. Víctor González-Uribe reports receiving honoraria for lectures, consultancy fees, advisory boards, and research grants from the following companies: GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, FAES Farma, ALK, and AbbVie. Hugo A. Azuara-Trujillo has received speaker and consultant fees for Astra Zeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Takeda, and Novartis. Claudia E. Jimenez declares no relevant conflict of interest. Elsy M. Navarrete- Rodríguez reports receiving honoraria for lectures, consultancy fees, advisory boards, from the following companies: GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Lilly, and Armstrong. Blanca E. del-Rio-Navarro reports receiving honoraria for lectures, consultancy fees, advisory boards, and research grants from the following companies: OPELLA, Sanofi, and AstraZeneca. Laura Mendoza-Reyna has received speaker and consultant fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and Sanofi. Dominic (A) Friston is an employee of Optimum Patient Care (OPC). OPC is a co-founder of the International Severe Asthma Registry. Ghislaine Scelo is a consultant for Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI). OPRI conducted this study in collaboration with Optimum Patient Care, a co-founder of the International Severe Asthma Registry. David (B) Price has advisory board membership with AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Viatris, Teva Pharmaceuticals; consultancy agreements with AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Viatris, Teva Pharmaceuticals; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd) from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Viatris, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, and UK National Health Service; payment for lectures/speaking engagements from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, Inside Practice, GlaxoSmithKline, Medscape, Viatris, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals; payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Medscape, Teva Pharmaceuticals.; owns 74% of the social enterprise Optimum Patient Care Ltd (Australia and UK) and 92.61% of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd (Singapore); is peer reviewer for grant committees of the UK Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme, and Health Technology Assessment; and he was an expert witness for GlaxoSmithKline.
