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Article History

First Online: 3 June 2020

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Saeed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ballantyne has received National Institutes of Health grant R01HL134320; has received grants or research support (to his institution) from Abbott Diagnostic, Akcea, Amgen, Esperion, Novartis, Regeneron, and Roche Diagnostic; is a consultant for Abbott Diagnostics, Akcea, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corvidia, Denka Seiken, Esperion, Intercept, Janssen, Matinas BioPharma Inc., Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, Roche Diagnostic, and Sanofi-Synthelabo; and is named on provisional patent no. 61721475 “Biomarkers to Improve Prediction of Heart Failure Risk” filed by Baylor College of Medicine and Roche. Salim S. Virani reports research funding from the Department of Veterans Affairs, World Heat Federation and the Jooma and Tahir Family; Honorarium: American College of Cardiology (Associate Editor for Innovations, ); Steering Committee: Patient and Provider Assessment of Lipid Management (PALM registry) at the Duke Clinical Research Institute (no financial remuneration).

: All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).

: The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs.