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Article History

Accepted: 5 February 2025

First Online: 22 March 2025

Declarations

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: No animal or human subjects by the authors were used in this study.

: Declaration of competing interest LL is coinventor on the International Patent (WO/2020/226993) filed in April 2020 and relating to the use of antibodies which specifically bind IL-1α to reduce various sequelae of ischemia–reperfusion injury to the central nervous system. LL has received speaker fees outside of this work from Daichi-Sankyo. L.L. is a co-inventor on the international patent WO. Moreover, he is received fundings from the Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research, the Swiss Heart Foundation, and the Italian Ministry of Health. FM was supported by RCR-2022–23682288—Rete CARDIOLOGICA- Integrated strategies for the study of tissue and molecular determinants of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque—Procedura nota DGRIC n. 1401 del 13/04/2022 Fondo progetti reti EF 2022. Moreover, he is received was supported by a grant from Fondazione Carige. The other authors have no conflict to disclose. SK declares outside this work speaker fees from Roche Diagnostics and the Foundation for Cardiovascular Research – Zurich Heart House. Further, he has received research grants to the institution from the Jubiläumsstiftung SwissLife, the Lindenhof Foundation, the Novartis Foundation for Medical-biological Research, the Swiss Heart Foundation, the Swiss Society of Cardiology, and the Theodor-Ida-Herzog-Egli Foundation, and equipment and materials from Roche Diagnostics outside the submitted work. Travel support, again unrelated to this work, was received from the European Atherosclerosis Society, the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Clinical Investigation, Sphingotec GmbH, the 4TEEN4 Pharmaceuticals GmbH, and PAM Theragnostics GmbH. All other authors declare no conflict of interests.