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Article History

Accepted: 2 January 2025

First Online: 24 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Stewart Tepper has the following disclosures: Nutrceutical companies: none Advisory role: Aeon, Abbvie, Alphasights, Amgen, Aruene, Atheneum, Axsome Therapeutics, Becker Pharmaceutical Consulting, ClearView Healthcare Partners, ClickTherapeutics, CoolTech, CRG, Decision Resources, Defined Health, DRG, Eli Lilly, ExpertConnect, FCB Health, Fenix, GLG, Guidepoint Global, Health Advances, Health Science Communications, HMP Communications, Impel, Initiatior Pharma, InteractiveForums, Keyquest, Ki Health Partners, Krog and Partners, Lundbeck, M3 Global Research, Magnolia Innovation, MJH Holdings, Miravo Healthcare, Neurofront Therapeutics, Neurolief, Novartis, P Value Communications, Pain Insights, Inc, Palion Medical, Pfizer, Pulmatrix, Putnam Associates, Rehaler, SAI MedPartners, Satsuma, Slingshot Insights, Spherix Global Insights, Strategy Inc, Synapse Medical Communication, System Analytic, Taylor and Francis, Tegus, Teva, Theranica, Trinity Partners, Unity HA, Vial, XOC. Honoraria lecture fees, continuing medical education: American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, Annenberg Center for Health Sciences, Catamount Medical Education, Diamond Headache Clinic, Forefront Collaborative, Haymarket Medical Education, HMP Global, Medical Education Speakers Network, Medical Learning Institute Peerview, Miller Medical Education, National Association for Continuing Education, North American Center for CME, The Ohio State University, Physicians’ Education Resource, PlatformQ Education, Primed, Vindico Medical Education, WebMD/Medscape. Honoraria lecture fees, other: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Teva. Research funding: Aeon, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Neurolief, Pfizer, Suven. Travel: AbbVie, American Headache Society, Diamond Headache Clinic, Eli Lilly, Pfizer. Stock, stock options, patents, royalties, manuscript fees, subsidies, endowments: none.

: Katharine Tepper has no financial or non-financial disclosures or competing interests to declare.