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Article History

Accepted: 8 June 2025

First Online: 26 July 2025

Declarations

: All the results/data/figures in this study have not been published elsewhere, nor are they under consideration by another publisher. All the material is owned by the authors, and no permissions are required. Authors confirm that they understand the journal Current Pain and Headache Reports is a hybrid journal and that when research is accepted for publication, there is a choice to publish using either immediate gold open access or the traditional publishing route. Additionally, all authors declare that they have read the Nature Portfolio journal policies on author responsibilities and submit this manuscript per those policies. They also state that they do not have any research data outside the submitted manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).