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Authors
Sosa, Eric A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-3477
Henick, Anabel
Binda, Dhanesh D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-2013
Joseph, Crystal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2329-1448
Kim, Stanley
Mathew, Dave https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1481-457X
Nair, Singh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-8239
Kim, Jinu
Adams, David C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6845-8734
Gritsenko, Karina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8871-6374
Kaye, Alan D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-0187
Yener, Ugur
Ciftci, Hatice Begum
Wahezi, Sayed E.
Shaparin, Naum https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1060-429X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ruth L. Kirschstein Predoctoral Individual National Research Service F31-Award (1F31MH131380-03)
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) grant (T32-GM149364)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 9 February 2026
Compliance with Ethical Standards
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: Dr. Shaparin reports personal fees from Averitas Pharma, personal fees from AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, grants from Grunenthal, and grants from Heron Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. Dr. Kaye serves at the Vertex Pharmaceutical Speakers Bureau. Dr. Wahezi is a consultant for Boston Scientific, a key opinion leader for TENEX, and holds several neuromodulation patents. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
