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Authors
Smith, Kirsten E.
Epstein, David H.
Weiss, Stephanie T.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R00DA055571)
Intramural Research Program
National Institute on Drug Abuse
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Article History
Accepted: 17 July 2024
First Online: 13 August 2024
Declarations
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: Drs. Weiss and Epstein report no conflicts of interest to disclose. Drs. Weiss and Epstein are funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health. In the past 36 months, Dr. Smith has served as a paid scientific advisor to the International Plant and Herbal Alliance and The Kratom Coalition, and serves as an expert witness in legal cases involving kratom. Dr. Smith is funded by NIDA grant R00DA055571.
: All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).
