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Article History

Received: 21 May 2024

Accepted: 3 November 2024

First Online: 7 November 2024

Declarations

:

: This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics.

: All procedures of the National Health and Nutrition Survey were approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of NCHS, and written consent was obtained from all participants (). Protocol Number: NHANES 2005–2010 (Protocol #2005–06); NHANES 2011–2016 (Protocol #2011–17); NHANES 2017–2018 (Protocol #2011–17 and Protocol #2018–01); NHANES 2019–2020 (Protocol #2018–01).

: Our data is derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and the data provided by NHANES is publicly available.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study is based on existing data from a public database and not from a specific clinical trial; hence, clinical registration information is not provided.