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Authors
Huo, Zhiying
Liu, Wei
Sun, Qiang
Song, Jiahao
Wan, Shuhui
Shi, Wendi
Yang, Yueru
Hong, Le
Liu, Qing
Zhang, Yongfang
Shi, Da
Chen, Weihong
Wang, Bin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Public Health Youth Top Talent Project of Hubei Province (E Weitong [2021]74)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022T150230, 2021M691131)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82203996)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 8 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted according to the guideline laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving study participants were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). NHANES obtained written informed consent from all participants, and all data are available on the NHANES website in a de-identified form. Data were collected by NCHS and approved by their ethical review board under Protocol #2005–06, #2011–17, and #2018–01.
: All authors approved the version of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
