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Authors
Wu, Zhilin
Zhang, Yubin
He, Chao
Zhang, Wenzeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
High-level Public Health Technical Personnel Construction Project of the Beijing Municipal Health Commission
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study used anonymized surveillance data obtained from the National Endemic Disease Monitoring System. The data were collected as part of routine public health surveillance conducted by community health institutions. All participants provided informed consent at the time of data collection. The dataset was fully anonymized prior to analysis, and no identifiable personal information was included. Therefore, additional ethical approval was not required for the present secondary analysis in accordance with national regulations.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
