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Authors
Luo, Yi
Su, Wei
Luo, Yong
Han, Yanting
Gong, Shuwen
Shen, Fuhai
Jin, Yulan
Guan, Yi
Zhao, Xinyuan
Li, Jinlong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (BJK2023010)
the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project (246Z7765G)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003404)
Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program of Hebei Province (S202410081029)
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 8 April 2026
First Online: 14 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee Review Board of North China University of Science and Technology (SY2024012). All participants were willing to provide written informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
