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Authors
Çevik, Çağın https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-8382
Kurt, Bahar Ozturk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-002X
Bilgiç, Bengü https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-2937
Or, Mehmet Erman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8764-1956
Ercan, Alev Meltem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-4907
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in strict accordance with animal welfare guidelines and approved by the Ethics Committee of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Approval No: 2021/36).
: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used Gemini (Google) in order to improve language, readability, and grammatical accuracy, and to assist in the conceptualization and design of the Graphical Abstract. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
: Informed consent was obtained from all dog owners included in the study.
: The authors affirm that the owners of the animals provided informed consent for the publication of the data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
