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Authors
Yang, Qiang
Wu, Peirun
Li, Hongjie
Yang, Ruifeng
Luo, Yuanhao
Li, Mingze
Yin, Shibo
Dang, Xiangji
Liu, Yan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Lanzhou University Second Hospital (CY2024-MS-B17)
the Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Lanzhou University Second Hospital (CY2024-MS-A15)
the Science and Technology Program Project of Lanzhou Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (2025-2-206)
the Key R&D Program of Gansu Provinc (24YFWA010)
the High-level Key Research Project of Gansu Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (GZKZ-2025-52)
the Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Lanzhou City (2020-RC-43)
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 15 March 2026
First Online: 4 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The survey protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics ( ). The NCHS Research Ethics Review Board reviewed and approved NHANES, and all survey participants provided written informed consent. Therefore, no further ethical approval or informed consent was required.
: All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission.
