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Authors
Sadia, Haleema
Qureshi, Irfan Zia
Naveed, Muhammad
Aziz, Tariq
Elkhadragy, Manal F.
Alwethaynani, Maher S.
Al-Asmari, Fahad
Alhhazmi, Areej A
Sagini, Hanan Abdulrahman
Almasoudi, Suad Hamdan
Al-Joufi, Fakhria A.
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 18 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the “European Union Guidelines on Animals” and the “UK Animals Scientific Procedures Act (1986),” which provide comprehensive regulations on the use of animals in scientific research. Additionally, the study complied with the “European Communities Council Directive” (86/609/EEC), issued on November 24, 1986, and adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Bioethical Committee at the Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, under clearance No. BEC-FBS-QAU-2022-407.
