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Authors
Kottairajan, Navaneetha Krishnan
Subha, Sethu Thakachy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-9840
Nasir, Zuraini Mohammad
Ghani, Fauzah Abd
Thilakavathy, Karuppiah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5027-6791
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2024/SKK10/UPM/02/1)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2024/SKK10/UPM/02/1)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2024/SKK10/UPM/02/1)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2024/SKK10/UPM/02/1)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2024/SKK10/UPM/02/1)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (GP/2023/9752100)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (GP/2023/9752100)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (GP/2023/9752100)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (GP/2023/9752100)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (GP/2023/9752100)
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Article History
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
