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Article History

Accepted: 16 July 2025

First Online: 5 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Name of project： Dalian Municipal Guiding Program in the Field of Life and Health (Approval No. 2024ZDJH01PT038). The animal study protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) of the Committee on Bioethics and Medical Ethics of Dalian University of Technology, protocol number Approval No.: DUTSBE250305-01. The study adhered to the guidelines set by the committee. The Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Committee on Bioethics and Medical Ethics of Dalian University approved all the animal experiments. Date of approval：2025.01.04.All MSCs used in the experiments were provided by Shenyang Cell Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. and Dalian University of Technology. Ethical approval was obtained for the original sourcing of these cells, and all donors had provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article. All authors have no financial or non-financial relationships or interests that could influence the interpretation of the data or the conclusions drawn from this study.

: not applicable.