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Article History

Received: 24 October 2021

Accepted: 9 December 2021

First Online: 28 January 2022

Compliance with ethical standards

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: NF, KT, and JT received personal fees from Eisai outside the submitted work. YS reports personal fees from ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol–Myers Squibb Company, MSD K.K., and Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. outside the submitted work. ST reports grants, personal fees from ONO Pharmaceutical, Bristol–Myers Squibb, MSD, AstraZeneca, Chugai, and Bayer outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest related to this study.

: Owing to the retrospective design using clinical information without any intervention, we applied an opt-out strategy for patient enrollment in accordance with the Japanese government’s policy.