Dong, Liping
Zhang, Zhen
Niu, Tingting
Li, Liangshan
Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 23 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital (ZBFY#2021-12-15) and Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (SFY#20250336).