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Authors
Massoud, Ahmad Mohamed Ali
Massoud, Hoda Mohamed Ali
El-Shawarby, Ahmed Abdel-Aala
Elseidy, Mahmoud Ibrahim
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Helwan University
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Human Ethics Committee of Al-Azhar University and the Egyptian Committee of Medical Ethics (Approval no. 6016 A).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
