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Article History

Received: 21 December 2025

Accepted: 18 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul Medeniyet University (IMU), Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital (Date: 15.05.2019; Approval No: 2019/0212). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was conducted retrospectively by reviewing archive records of suitable patients from the Obesity Outpatient Clinic. Since no additional procedures or interventions were performed on the participants, the study is classified as non-invasive research. Accordingly, no individual informed consent was required, in line with the ethics committee’s approval for archive-based non-invasive retrospective studies.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This was a retrospective study using anonymized data, informed consent was not obtained from the study participants. According to institutional and national guidelines, formal consent was not required.