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Authors
Ali, Tebyan Abdalgader Abdallah Mohammed https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1293-9458
Mohammed, Moez Salah Babiker
Abdelqyoum, Hafeia A.
Abdalla, Mohammed Abdalla Babiker
Ahmed, Shamsaldeen Yusuf Mustafa
Hussein, Ahmed
Ali, Marfa Abdullah Mohamed
Mohammedalamin, Eyas Ahmed Yousif
Salahelden, Ghofran
Mohamed, Ahmed
Ibrahim, Danya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-7842
Shaaban, Kamil Mirghani
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Article History
Received: 8 December 2025
Accepted: 18 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was carried out following the Helsinki Declaration. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee at the community department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum.
: Informed consent was taken from the children’s parents or caregivers before starting data collection. The research study’s purpose and objectives were explained to them beforehand. Additionally, they were informed that all their data will remain confidential and will be used for research purposes only.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
