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Article History

Accepted: 22 May 2025

First Online: 10 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study was a secondary analysis of publicly available NASA datasets (Open Science Data Repository 363–364) and did not involve direct experimentation on human or animal subjects. No IRB approval or consent to participate/publish was required.

: Andrew G. Lee has received compensation as a speaker for Amgen and Alexion and has served as a consultant for Viridian, Erythreal, Catalyst, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Stoke, and the U.S. Department of Justice. He is also a consultant for NASA; however, the views expressed in this study are his own and do not necessarily reflect those of NASA or the U.S. government. Ram Jagadeesan is an employee of Cisco and holds stock in the company.