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Authors
Liu, Sheng
Zhang, Zhenqing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-4159
Jiang, Yun
Ye, Fangjian
Chen, Feng
Miao, Lei
Liu, Shouqing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22261042)
National Key Research and Development Program Project (2018YFC0807203-3)
the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province (242102321036)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2025TJJBKY010)
Open Fund Project of the Ministry of Public Security Key Laboratory of Trace Science and Technology (2020FMKFKT01)
Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project (2021HNXWK131)
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Article History
Accepted: 26 July 2025
First Online: 8 August 2025
Declarations
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: The case was approved by the Academic Committee of Zhengzhou Police College.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
