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Article History

Received: 19 April 2025

Accepted: 4 October 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Beijing Children’s Hospital ([2021]-E-229-Y) and conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Written informed consent for participation was not required from the participants or their legal guardians/next of kin in accordance with the national legislation and institutional requirements.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.