Paul, Nicolas http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2228-3980
Grunow, Julius J. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4164-0138
Rosenthal, Max http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-1569
Spies, Claudia D. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1062-0495
Page, Valerie J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1506-2533
Hanison, James http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0532-4138
Patel, Brijesh http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5573-2503
Rosenberg, Alex
von Haken, Rebecca http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4502-0094
Pietsch, Urs http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6957-2638
Schrag, Claudia
Waydhas, Christian http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-0853
Schellongowski, Peter http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8982-3131
Lobmeyr, Elisabeth
Sander, Michael http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1677-3609
Piper, Sophie K. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-8992
Conway, Daniel http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-2203
Totzeck, Andreas http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-9246
Weiss, Björn http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-595X
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (NEXT Start-up Grant)
NIHR Clinical Research Network
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Article History
Received: 10 May 2023
Accepted: 8 August 2023
First Online: 11 September 2023
Conflict of interest
: NP, JJG, MR, JH, BP, AR, UP, CS, PS, EL, and DC report no conflicts of interest. Outside the submitted work, CDS reports grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/German Research Society, grants from Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)/German Aerospace Center, grants from Einstein Stiftung Berlin/Einstein Foundation Berlin, grants from Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss/Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), grants from Inneruniversitäre Forschungsförderung/Inner University Grants, grants from Projektträger im DLR/Project Management Agency, grants from Stifterverband/Nonprofit Society Promoting Science and Education, grants from European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, grants from BMWI (Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action), grants from Baxter Deutschland GmbH, grants from Cytosorbents Europe GmbH, grants from Edwards Lifesciences Germany GmbH, grants from Fresenius Medical Care, grants from Grünenthal GmbH, grants from Masimo Europe Ltd., grants from Pfizer Pharma PFE GmbH, personal fees from Georg Thieme Verlag, grants from Dr. F. Köhler Chemie GmbH, grants from Sintetica GmbH, grants from Stifterverband für die deutsche Wissenschaft e.V./Philips, grants from Stiftung Charité, grants from AGUETTANT Deutschland GmbH, grants from AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, grants from Amomed Pharma GmbH, grants from InTouch Health, grants from Copra System GmbH, grants from Correvio GmbH, grants from Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, grants from Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss/Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) – Innovationsfonds, grants from Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V., grants from Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin (DGAI), grants from Stifterverband für die deutsche Wissenschaft e.V./Metronic, grants from Philips ElectronicsNederland BV, grants from BMBF – Federal Ministry of Education and Research, grants from BMBF/RKI, grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/German Research Society; in addition, CDS has a patent 15753 627.7 issued (Europe), a patent PCT/EP 2015/067731 issued (US), a patent 3 174 588 issued (Europe), a patent 10 2014 215 211.9 licensed, a patent 10 2018 114 364.8 licensed, a patent 10 2018 110 275.5 licensed, a patent 50 2015 010 534.8 licensed, a patent 50 2015 010 347.7 licensed, and a patent 10 2014 215 212.7 licensed; in addition, CDS reports a leadership role at AWMF (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany), a leadership role at Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) review boards, and a leadership role at Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e.V. (German National Academy of Sciences – Leopoldina). Outside the submitted work, VJP reports a project grant from Alzheimers Society UK. Outside the submitted work, RvH reports speaker fees from OrionPharma. Outside the submitted work, CW reports fees for patient recruitment as investigator of the Sedaconda study SED001, honoraria for a presentation on a symposium for Sedana medical AB, honoraria as board member of Digimed GmbH (quality insurance software), a leadership role as editor of the journal “Notfall + Rettungsmedizin,” and a leadership role as a member of the board of directors of the DIVI (German Association of Intensive Care Medicine). Outside the submitted work, MS reports grants from Edwards Lifescience, grants from Medtronic, personal fees from Georg Thieme Verlag, honoraria from Edwards Lifescience, honoraria from BTG, honoraria from OrionPharma, a leadership role as president of MJC Intensivmedizin UEMS, a leadership role as German representative of the European Board of Anesthesiology/Section Anesthesiology of the UEMS, a member role of the ICU Subcom of ESAIC, a leadership role as corresponding author of S3-Leitlinie für die Intensivmedizin bei herzchirurgischen Patienten: Hämodynamisches Monitoring und kardiopulmonales System, and a leadership role as Schriftführer Arbeitskreis Kardioanästhesie der DGAI. Outside the submitted work, SKP reports participation on a data safety monitoring board for study German Clinical Trial Register DRKS 00021256, prospectively registered on 24.04.2020. Outside the submitted work, AT received consultation honoraria from Argenx and is a member of the medical advisory board of the German Myasthenia Society. BW reports a NEXT Start-up Grant from the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) related to the study; outside the submitted work, BW reports grants from Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss / Federal Joint Committee (G-BA)—Innovationsfonds, consulting fees from OrionPharma, honoraria from Dr. F. Köhler Chemie, support for attending meetings and travel from Teladoc Health, a leadership role as ESICM NEXT Chair, a member role in the ESICM ARDS Guideline group, and a member role in the Covriin-Group of the Robert Koch Institute.
: The study adhered to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval at the coordinating study site was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin (EA2/022/18) on March 23, 2018. Participating centers obtained IRB approval before study commencement as required by local regulations. Written consent or a waiver was subject to the decision of the local IRBs.