Hwang, David Y. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2150-4289
Kim, Keri S.
Muehlschlegel, Susanne
Wartenberg, Katja E.
Rajajee, Venkatakrishna
Alexander, Sheila A.
Busl, Katharina M.
Creutzfeldt, Claire J.
Fontaine, Gabriel V.
Hocker, Sara E.
Madzar, Dominik
Mahanes, Dea
Mainali, Shraddha
Sakowitz, Oliver W.
Varelas, Panayiotis N.
Weimar, Christian
Westermaier, Thomas
Meixensberger, Jürgen
Article History
Received: 29 August 2023
Accepted: 1 September 2023
First Online: 3 November 2023
Conflicts of interest
: GVF reports clinical consultant fees and speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca and clinical consultant fees from Chiesi. DYH reports pilot research grant funding from the Neurocritical Care Foundation. No other authors have any conflicts to disclose related to the content of this manuscript. These guidelines were endorsed by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (German Society of Neurosurgery).
: We confirm adherence to ethical guidelines. Institutional review board approval was not required because data collection was based on available literature review.