Beqiri, Erta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8108-0000
Tas, Jeanette https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8914-0960
Czosnyka, Marek https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2446-8006
van Kaam, Ruud C. R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2560-580X
Donnelly, Joseph
Haeren, Roel H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-5013
van der Horst, Iwan C. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-8522
Hutchinson, Peter J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-1835
van Kuijk, Sander M. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-729X
Liberti, Annalisa L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-9188
Menon, David K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-9692
Hoedemaekers, Cornelia W. E.
Depreitere, Bart https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-0648
Meyfroidt, Geert https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-3935
Ercole, Ari https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-8093
Aries, Marcel J. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2155-688X
Smielewski, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5096-3938
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
Gates Cambridge Trust
Medical Research Council (MR N013433-1)
National Institute for Health Research
Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
NIHR Senior Investigator Award
European Union Foundation Program 7 Grant (602150)
National Institute for Health Research
Biomedical Research Centre
Global Neurotrauma Research group
Royal College of Surgeons of England
Research Foundation
FWO (1843118N)
KU Leuven (C24/17/072)
Belgian Health Care Knowledge Center (COV201003)
Article History
Received: 20 April 2024
Accepted: 11 October 2024
First Online: 2 December 2024
Conflicts of Interest
: PS and MC receive part of the licensing fees for multimodal brain monitoring software ICM + , licensed by Cambridge Enterprise Ltd, University of Cambridge, UK. DKM reports research funding or consultancy agreements with the following entities: Calico Inc; GlaxoSmithKline Ltd; Integra LifeSciences; Lantmannen AB; NeuroTrauma Sciences; and PressuraNeuro Ltd. All the other authors report no conflicts of interest.
: This analysis was a secondary analysis on the data of the COGiTATE trial. The main study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Maastricht University Medical Center (December 29, 2017/METC171023), the Health Research Authority National Health System United Kingdom (October 30, 2017, Research Ethics Reference 17/LO/119), the Ethics Committee of Academic Hospital Leuven (January 9, 2018, B322201834820), and the Ethics Committee of Radboud University Medical Center (February 20, 2019, RvB19.51633). For the COGiTATE study, informed consent was obtained from individual participants included in the study or their legal representatives according to the local country laws.