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Authors
Khawar, Muhammad Babar
Maqbool, Muhammad Faisal
Afzal, Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-1257
Arshad, Hammad
Maqbool, Humayoun Huma
Malik, Javeria
Maqsood, Kaleem
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Article History
Received: 30 November 2025
Accepted: 7 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: The data used in this article were sourced from the publicly available GBD 2023 database, therefore, did not require institutional review board approval, ethics clearance or consent from study subjects. This study is exempted from IRB.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
