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Article History

Received: 31 December 2025

Accepted: 12 May 2026

First Online: 27 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Ikezawa reports honoraria for lectures from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Yakult Honsha, Ono Pharmaceutical, MSD, Myriad Genetics, ASAHI KASEI PHARMA, Nihon Servier, AstraZeneca, and Incyte Biosciences Japan, and research funding from ASKA Pharmaceutical. Takada reports honoraria for lectures from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Myriad Genetics, and TEIJIN PHARMA. Ohkawa reports honoraria for lectures from Eisai, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Yakult Honsha, Incyte Biosciences Japan, Takeda, Gilead, AstraZeneca, and Hisamitsu, as well as research grants from Towa Pharmaceutical and Sumitomo Chemical. The other authors have no conflicts of interest.

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Osaka International Cancer Institute (Approval No. 18225-8). The data were collected from medical records in May 2023. The authors had access to information that could identify individual participants during the data collection. The study was designed and executed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

: Not applicable.

: The requirement for informed consent was waived.