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Authors
El Sayed, Mohyeddine
Youssef, Sassine
Chaccour, Maha
Harati, Melhem El
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical University of South Carolina
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2026
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was exempt from Institutional Review Board review because the NCDB contains no patient identifiers and does not involve direct interaction with human subjects.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
