Saiful Hakim, Alisa Raihana
Chee, Chin Fei
Wong, Tin Wui
Abu Kasim, Noor Hayaty
Nasruddin, Nurrul Shaqinah
Yazid, Farinawati
Funding for this research was provided by:
LRGS-UM-Nanomite grant (RU001B-2021, RU001B-2021, RU001B-2021, RU001B-2021, RU001B-2021, RU001B-2021)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee University Kebangsaan Malaysia (No: UKM PP/111/8/JEP-2022-065).