Al Shboul, Sofian
Zhao, Bingqiao
Esposito, Estefania
Fentor, Vanessza
Singh, Ashita
Massie, Fraser
Hupp, Ted
Moses, Tessa
Brennan, Paul M.
Ball, Kathryn
Dapic, Irena
Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study under the Lothian NRS Bioresource ethical approval.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and GBM patient samples were acquired under informed consent according to local ethical approvals (LREC 115/ES/0094).