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Article History

Received: 14 October 2025

Accepted: 13 January 2026

First Online: 19 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: HeLa cells (human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line) were purchased from BeNa Culture Collection in October 2023. The cell line was authenticated by short tandem repeat (STR) profiling and tested negative for mycoplasma contamination using the Mycoplasma Detection Kit prior to experimental use.

: Not applicable.

: All procedures for rat were conducted in accordance with the “Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animals” (China) and were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (gdpulac2022243).