Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of Indonesia (Decree Number 0354/E5/PG.02.00/2024)
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of Indonesia (Agreement/Contract Number 027/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024)
Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of Indonesia (22183/IT3.D10/PT.01.03/P/B/2024)
Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 27 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this manuscript.
: The study did not require ethical approval as it did not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data.