Uge, Bantayehu Uba https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-6292
Guo, Yuancheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-3987
Zhao, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8893-2694
Liu, Yunlong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5612-3283
Shumuye, Eskinder Desta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-0520
Mehmood, Mudassir https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5480-1823
Tekle, Michael Hadera
Funding for this research was provided by:
Henan Provincial Key R & D Project, Safety Key Technology and Application Demonstration of Urban Underground Space Construction (231111322100)
Article History
Received: 18 March 2024
Revised: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 18 April 2025
First Online: 25 October 2025
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests.