Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 February 2026

Accepted: 8 August 2026

First Online: 20 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Informed consent for data collection was obtained from micro-enterprises participating in the survey: “I confirm that I have read the above information and freely agree to participate in the activities of this project. I understand that the shared data will be stored and processed confidentially, in accordance with the principles set out in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).”.According to the Institute for European Energy and Climate Policy, ethical approval was not required for this type of research, due to the full anonymity of used data, focus on businesses, and non-intervention nature of the study.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.