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Strengthening Urban Pandemic Preparedness: A Dual-Focused Machine Learning-Enhanced Spatial Evaluation of Pandemic Vulnerability Through Infection Risk and Vaccination Accessibility

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-025-09773-0

Published Online: 2025-12-16

Published Print: 2026-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Liu, Dong

Gilliland, Jason

Nakaya, Tomoki

Kan, Zihan

Nagata, Shohei

Huang, Jing
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (UDF01003932)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (42301475)

Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515012270)

Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (14618324)

Chinese University of Hong Kong (4052302)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-16

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-16
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Article History

Received: 21 July 2025

Accepted: 26 November 2025

First Online: 16 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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