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Authors
Feng, Zhixin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7955-2865
Chen, Hongyu
Agang, Aliya
Xie, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-9648
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (W2432053)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42301208)
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study is a secondary analysis of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Ethical approval for all CHARLS survey waves was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometric measurements, is IRB00001052-11015.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
