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Article History

Received: 28 May 2025

Accepted: 23 September 2025

First Online: 10 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study did not require formal ethical approval under the university guidelines. Informed consent was obtained through audio recordings prior to each interview. This approach was chosen due to the specific vulnerabilities of the research participants—migrant women caregivers—many of whom were reluctant or hesitant to sign documents due to fears of legal repercussions linked to their irregular employment or residency status. Additionally, language barriers and low levels of literacy made written consent impractical and potentially exclusionary. In consultation with my department, I opted for recorded oral consent to avoid placing participants in uncomfortable situations where they might feel ashamed of their inability to read or suspicious that the interview could be used against them legally.