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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (PL2024G007)
Post Funding Project of National Social Science Fund of China (24FGLB121)
Philosophy and Social Science Research Planning of Heilongjiang Province (24GLA001)
National Statistical Science Research Project (2025LY071)
Key Research Project of Economic and Social Development of Heilongjiang Province in 202 (JD25036)
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2024
Revised: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Declarations
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: We certify that we have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
: We have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: We have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
