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Authors
Dong, Jianxia
Ren, Shan
Wu, Pengxuan
Yu, Haitian
Meng, Xinyue
Zhao, Jing
Ye, Xiangyang
Huang, Yan
Yu, Zujiang
Zhang, Wenhua
Zeng, Yilan
Wang, Xiaozhong
Gao, Haibing
Dang, Shuangsuo
Li, Jiabin
Zheng, Sujun
Chen, Xinyue
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Capital Clinical Diagnostic Techniques and Translational Application Projects (Z211100002921059)
National Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology (2023YFC2308100)
Project of High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities in the Period of 13th Five-year Plan (Academic Leader-02-14)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (7222093)
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 5 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review boards of all participating centers (Primary cohort: 2022-067-K; External cohort: 2022-047-K). The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. As this study involved a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical data, the use of patient information was reviewed and approved by the institutional review boards of the participating centers in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
