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Authors
Mei, Xue
Zou, Ying
Zheng, Xin
Li, Hai
Deng, Guohong
Chen, Jinjun
Huang, Yan
Meng, Zhongji
Shi, Yu
Wang, Xianbo
Gao, Yanhang
Liu, Feng
Ji, Liujuan
Liu, Yu
Zhu, Hui
Zhang, Zhengguo
Guo, Hongying
Yuan, Wei
Zhang, Yuyi
Qian, Zhiping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai public health clinical center (KY-GW-2019-20)
Shanghai public health clinical center (KY-GW-2025-04)
Shanghai public health clinical center (KY-GW-2022-08)
Jinshan Science and Technology Commission, Shanghai (2023-WS-32)
Shanghai Municipal Hospital Development Center (SHDC22024317)
Shanghai Municipal Hospital Development Center (SHDC2020CR6025)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 28 December 2025
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1975) and received approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Approval No. 2022-S092-02). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design of the study.
: Our study utilized data from the CATCH-LIFE cohort for external validation, and the CATCH-LIFE study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02457637 and NCT03641872).
