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An augmented fourier ARDL analysis of CO2 emission determinants in Spain: the role of growth, innovation, and trade

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12076-025-00411-4

Published Online: 2025-05-13

Published Print: 2025-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Georgescu, Irina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-5636
Kinnunen, Jani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0154-6617
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-05-13

Version of Record valid from 2025-05-13
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Article History

Received: 19 February 2025

Accepted: 3 May 2025

First Online: 13 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.