Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 July 2024

Accepted: 30 May 2025

First Online: 26 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: The GWAS datasets used in this MR study are publicly available and have already undergone ethical review. These datasets originate from large international consortia or public databases, where data collection and dissemination were conducted in compliance with relevant ethical standards and regulations. Since these datasets have been rigorously reviewed and approved by ethics committees in the original studies and have been publicly released under strict privacy and data security protocols, this study does not require additional ethical approval.

: Not applicable.