Document is current

Article History

Received: 25 April 2025

Accepted: 15 August 2025

First Online: 28 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

: All procedures involving human participants performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: This study relied exclusively on the analysis of information already published in publicly available databases. Therefore, no direct patient involvement occurred and no informed consent was required. In accordance with local regulations and international standards, including the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision) and the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans (2016), research that uses only secondary, anonymized, and publicly accessible data is considered exempt from informed consent requirements, as it does not involve any intervention, interaction, or identifiable private information from individual participants.