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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 29 October 2025

Declarations

:

: MF reports no conflicts of interest. LKT reports consultancy, advisory fees, honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Amgen, Incyte and Roche. UC reports no conflicts of interest. BN reports no conflicts of interest. MM reports no conflicts of interest. PR reports no conflicts of interest. JD reports no conflicts of interest. NI reports no conflicts of interest. DT reports consultancy, advisory fees, honoraria from Servier, Pierre Fabre, Merck Serono, MSD, BMS, Astra Zeneca, Amgen, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda; research funding from Sandoz, Astra Zeneca, Servier, MSD, Takeda, AMGEN and Gilead; travel grants from Pierre Fabre, MSD, Servier and Roche. CE reports consultancy, advisory fees, honoraria from Servier, Pierre Fabre, Merck Serono, and Amgen.

: This study was conducted in accordance with current French law and with the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 and its subsequent revisions. Our institution’s Ethics Committee waived the need for informed consent because of the retrospective nature of the study, the routine practice of NGS analysis and the fact that most patients had died. The study was approved by the ethics committee “ Comité de Protection des Personnes Ouest III ” (DC-2008–565).

: Not applicable.