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Authors
Sun, Xueqing
Xue, Jing
Sun, Zhen
Tian, Wei
Song, Xiao
Chu, Ran
Liu, Ming https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2037-363X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chinese Anti-Cancer Association (CETSDHRCORP252-4-007)
Shandong Lanpeng Technology Co., Ltd. (2024-gc-1014)
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Article History
Received: 25 May 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital (SWYX: NO. 2023–649).
: As the patients had been discharged at the time of data collection, the requirement for informed consent was waived and all procedures in this experiment were conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration.
: The requirement for informed consent to participate has been waived by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital.
