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Article History

Received: 6 October 2025

Accepted: 18 March 2026

First Online: 2 June 2026

Declarations

:

: AJC, APL, CFA, SC, MVLS, HR, and JC declare they have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. TB has received research grants or contracts from Acuña y Fombona (SeaSpine) and PRIM (Globus), honoraria for lectures or educational events from SpineArt and MBA, and support for attending meetings from Acuña y Fombona and MBA. She serves in leadership or fiduciary roles in professional societies including the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS), the Spine Society of Europe (Eurospine), and the Ibero-Latin American Spine Society (SILACO). RR has received honoraria for lectures or educational events from BMS, Merck, the Andalusian Society of Medical Oncology (SAOM) and the Spanish Group for Genitourinary Oncology (SOGUG), and support for attending meetings from BMS, AstraZeneca, and Merck. She has participated in advisory boards on biliary tract tumors unrelated to MSCC and holds leadership roles in several scientific societies, including the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM), SAOM, SOGUG, the for Transversal Oncology and Orphan and Rare Tumours (GETHHI), and the Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumors (TTD). She is also a member of the Vertebral Metastases Committee at Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía. AVM is the current Coordinator of the Spine Working Group of the Spanish Society of Neurosurgery (SENEC), and former President of the Spanish Society of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery (Neuroraquis).

: The manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data.

: Informed consent statement is not applicable as this is not an interventional study nor patient sensitive data are included.